ARMRIT Registry Practice Exam

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• Which law describes the strong magnetic field produced by heavy electric current passing through a conductor?
• What is the name of the domain where phase encoding data is stored?
• What distinguishes ionic agents from non-ionic agents in contrast media?
• What does it mean for a tissue to be "saturated" in MRI terms?
• What type of imaging is affected by banding artifacts in MRI?
• The force exerted by a magnet on an object largely depends on which factors?
• What are the three main functions of MRI gradients?
• In which type of sequence are gradient echoes typically used?
• How does the scan time change with an increase in phase matrix?
• What term describes the explosive conversion of liquid helium to gaseous helium?
• Which factor contributes to tissue saturation during MRI?
• What happens to diagnostic image quality as a result of magnetic susceptibility effects?
• How does spatial resolution change with increased receive bandwidth?
• True or False: Magnetic susceptibility effects can both degrade and improve diagnostic image quality.
• In a spin echo pulse sequence, which gradient encodes the slice?
• Which pulse is used for refocusing in a spin echo pulse sequence?
• Non-ferrous implants may be considered unsafe if they are:
• What type of gradients indicate specific functions on a pulse sequence?
• In what unit is SAR measured?
• A vector is best described as a graphic illustration that shows what two properties?
• What does the amplitude of a gradient represent in an MRI context?
• What is the term for the process when liquid helium explosively turns into gas?
• Increasing the phase matrix in MRI will have what effect on image quality?
• In a T2 weighted FLAIR sequence, what is suppressed to highlight long T2 pathologies?
• What happens to scan time as Frequency Matrix increases?
• Safety procedures are designed to protect ____________.
• What is one effective method for reducing metal artifacts?
• What type of material is known as paramagnetic?
• What term is used for vectors that cancel each other?
• Good methods for reducing respiratory ghosting artifacts include?
• How does increasing TE affect spatial resolution?
• When TR is shorter than a tissue's T2 decay time, the remaining transverse magnetization is known as:
• What does the physical gradient that encodes in the inferior-superior direction represent?
• In Inversion Recovery, where does the first slice excitation pulse place LMz?
• What is the purpose of the STIR sequence in MRI?
• How common are MRI related injuries?
• At what temperature does helium liquefy?
• Which parameter is used to reduce flow artifacts involving blood or CSF?
• What effect does increasing TR have on spatial resolution?
• What is the type of liquid used in MRI as a cryogen?
• What is defined as incorrect or misrepresented information in an MR image?
• How does scan time change when averages increase?
• Which imaging approach typically uses less than 90-degree excitation pulses?
• Skin contact with the inside of the bore is unsafe because it:
• Which magnet type used in MRI can be routinely turned on and off?
• What does the Larmor equation represent in terms of frequency?
• A characteristic of tissue at the null point is:
• What is the primary purpose of gradients in MRI?
• Which lines in k-space contain the majority of spatial resolution information?
• What is the equivalent temperature of -453 degrees Fahrenheit in Kelvin?
• What is the equivalent of 10,000 Gauss in Tesla?
• If the echo train length is 8 and the number of phase encoding steps selected is 256, how many times is the TR repeated?
• Which property makes certain metals paramagnetic?
• What impact does increasing TE have on scan time?
• What effect does an increase in frequency matrix have on SNR?
• Who should conduct the first screening of a patient before entering the magnetic field?
• In a pulse sequence diagram, what does Gz refer to?
• Which of the following represents a diamagnetic material?
• Radio frequency burns typically occur from which of the following?
• Why does fat appear bright on a T1 weighted image?
• What happens to the number of protons that align in the parallel direction of the magnet as the magnetic field strength increases?
• What is the expected outcome when MRI is used properly?
• When are hearing aids permitted to be worn into the magnet room?
• What happens to spatial resolution when the phase matrix is increased?
• What is the effect on signal intensity as TE increases?
• What does the term 'echo train length' refer to in MRI?
• What distinguishes diamagnetic materials from others?
• A best practice for any cables in the magnet bore is to _______________.
• Which of the following can lead to increased susceptibility artifacts?
• What happens to spatial resolution as slice thickness increases?
• What is the frequency called that is perfectly matched to the frequencies of a set of protons?
• Which term describes the combination of two factors in determining gradient efficiency?
• What distinguishes gradient echo imaging from spin echo imaging?
• When is the phase encoding gradient activated in a spin echo pulse sequence?
• Which of the following are the four main parts of any pulse sequence?
• Which of the following materials would you associate with ferromagnetism?
• What is the result when all spins in an MRI system are pointing in the Z direction?
• Which of the following is NOT a type of radio frequency burn?
• FLAIR imaging is particularly useful in highlighting which types of pathologies?
• What happens to the processional frequency when a gradient magnetic field is applied?
• What gradient is used to generate an echo in a Gradient Echo (GRE) sequence?
• What type of impact can occur due to electrical conductor arcing?
• What effect is observed in SNR when the field of view (FOV) is increased?
• In a pulse sequence diagram, what function does Gy serve?
• Which type of magnet is most commonly used in MRI?
• Which type of patient is at a higher risk of radio frequency burns?
• What is the outcome on spatial resolution as frequency matrix increases?
• What happens to SNR as the Field of View (FOV) increases?
• In the absence of a magnetic field, how are the orientations of spins characterized?
• When electrical current is run in the same direction as the main magnetic field, what happens to the gradients induced magnetic field?
• What does Gx indicate in a pulse sequence diagram?
• What is the effectiveness of gradient echoes in correcting dephasing caused by inhomogeneities compared to 180-degree radio frequency echoes?
• How can Truncation/Gibbs artifacts be reduced?
• A quench can either be _______________ or _______________?
• How does increasing TR affect the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)?
• Zone III in an MRI facility is considered which area?
• How many phase encoding steps are collected every TR period in a spin echo pulse sequence?
• What is the potential impact of software bugs in MR imaging?
• Which is the heaviest type of magnet used in MRI applications?
• How is radio frequency transmission described in MRI terminology?
• What does the chemical saturation technique do in MRI?
• Which of the following is not a factor causing MR image artifacts?
• What is the term for the medium used to make a conductor superconductive?
• What is the theoretical point where all molecular motion stops, known as 0 Degree Kelvin?
• Who holds the ultimate responsibility for safety in the magnet room?
• How does scan time change as the FOV increases?
• What type of artifact can be reduced by breath-holding techniques during imaging?
• What is the term for the combination of the Gd ion and the ligand?
• What happens to FID immediately after it is generated in a spin echo pulse sequence?
• What type of pulses are used in GRE to eliminate residual transverse magnetization?
• What is the main purpose of engineering a non-toxic chemical to attach to the Gd ion?
• What is the main effect of the gradient magnetic field on spins?
• What effect does an increase in TR have on the signal to noise ratio?
• Truncation/Gibbs artifacts appear as what type of appearance?
• Motion artifacts occur in which direction?
• What happens to scan time if TR is increased in a spin echo pulse sequence?
• What characterizes a single shot or snapshot fast/turbo spin echo sequence?
• Immediately after the 90 degree RF pulse in a spin echo pulse sequence, the spins are described as?
• What mathematical process is used in MRI image reconstruction?
• What is the summation of all the magnetic moments of individual spins along the surface plane of the magnetic field called?
• How does the effectiveness of 180-degree refocusing pulses in correcting dephasing compare to gradient echoes?
• What happens to SNR as receive bandwidth increases?
• What happens to the force exerted on an object as it moves closer to the magnet?
• As FOV increases, what happens to SNR?
• What is the role of phase and frequency encoding gradients?
• Which type of MRI magnet is most commonly used in "open" designs?
• Which computer component is responsible for the mathematical reconstruction of MRI images?
• What can be concluded when the phase matrix is increased?
• How does scan time change as slice thickness increases?
• In a spin echo pulse sequence, what does FID stand for?
• Radiofrequency leaks into the magnet room can result in an artifact often referred to as?
• What does magnetic susceptibility refer to in terms of tissue?
• What is the term used for the measurement of a gradient's minimum to maximum field difference?
• Which group of patients needs to be monitored closely during an MRI to prevent injuries?
• According to Faraday's Law, what effect does a magnetic field moving across a conductor have?
• How is spatial resolution affected when averages increase?
• At a minimum, how many times should a patient be screened before entering the magnetic field?
• What does the enhancement seen after injecting a GBCA effectively represent?
• True or False: A cardiac pacemaker is always a contraindication for an MRI.
• Increasing slice thickness results in a decrease in which of the following?
• What occurs if the TR is very short in a spin echo pulse sequence?
• In MRI, a rotating proton's type of inertia is referred to as what?
• Corduroy artifacts most likely require what action?
• What should be ensured regarding patient equipment in an MRI environment?
• What is the effect on SNR as averages increase?
• What is referred to as the null point in MRI?
• True or False: Neurostimulators are an absolute contraindication for MRI.
• Chemical shift artifacts do what as field strength increases?
• The physical gradient that encodes in the anterior-posterior direction is referred to as?
• Which time interval refers to the duration from a gradient's minimum to maximum field difference?
• How many gradient coils are present in a standard MRI system?
• What does the 90 degree RF pulse do in a spin echo sequence?
• Aliasing occurs when?
• How does the calculation for scan time in a fast/turbo spin echo compare to a spin echo?
• When can MR image artifacts occur?
• Which parameter is affected by increasing the TE in a spin echo pulse sequence?
• Why are GBCA's classified as T1 shortening agents?
• What does the term Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) refer to?
• Why can ferrous implants pose a danger in magnetic fields?
• What does the term susceptibility in magnetism refer to?
• What is a main characteristic that distinguishes Inversion Recovery from Spin Echo?
• The precessional frequency difference between water and fat at 1.5 Tesla is approximately how many Hz?
• What is the effect on SNR when slice thickness increases?
• Which of the following describes vectors that are equal but opposite?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the four parts of an MRI pulse sequence?
• Which imaging technique utilizes gradient moment nulling?
• What is the source of magnetism in materials?
• How do the adverse reactions of GBCA's compare to those of iodine based contrast agents?
• In k-space, which lines contain the majority of SNR information?
• A release of helium into the magnet room can lead to death by:
• Which of the following is not considered a method to reduce artifacts in MRI?
• Which property of materials does SAR essentially measure?
• What is another term for frequency encoding in imaging?
• Which of the following is an example of a ferromagnetic material?
• In a pulse sequence diagram, Gz is used to represent?
• In a spin echo pulse sequence, what increases if the time from the 90 degree RF pulse is increased?
• Among the types of magnets used in MRI, which one yields the highest magnetic field strength?
• What term describes signal dephasing due to local inhomogeneities in MRI?
• True or False: The magnetic field strength of an MRI system can be determined by its size.
• In the case of a sudden release of gaseous helium into the magnet room, what should be the very first action taken by the tech?
• What characteristic of GBCA's identifies them as paramagnetic?
• Which type of magnet in MRI provides the highest performance levels in image quality and speed?
• During the readout phase of a spin echo pulse sequence, which gradient is primarily used?
• What is the most common MRI-related injury?
• In a superconductive magnet, what happens to the electrical current flowing through it?
• In a spin echo sequence, if 120 phase encoding steps are selected, how many times is the TR repeated?
• What is the non-toxic chemical that is bound to the Gd ion in GBCA's known as?
• As the Phase Matrix increases, which of the following decreases?
• What is the primary purpose of gradients in MRI?
• Which artifact is characterized by intensity variations due to a lack of contrast agent?
• CSF appears bright on a T2 weighted image due to its:
• The term TE in MRI refers to what?
• What is the name of the transmitting antenna surrounding the patient in all MRI systems?
• What does echo spacing represent in MRI imaging?
• What is the relationship between TR and signal recovery in a spin echo pulse sequence?
• What parameter is used in Inversion Recovery but not in Spin Echo?
• What phenomenon occurs when there is a great variance of T2 decay in the echo train length (ETL)?
• Susceptibility artifacts can be caused by?
• What is a common cause of motion artifacts in MRI?
• Motion artifacts are caused by which of the following?
• Which statement is true about the relationship between scanning parameters and image quality?
• What impact does an increase in phase matrix have on SNR?
• Which type of MRI pulse sequence typically requires phase encoding steps to be adjusted for optimal results?
• What is the name of the time interval between the 180 and the first 90-degree RF pulse in Inversion Recovery?
• What forms the basis of the echo train length in a fast/turbo spin echo sequence?
• Burns caused by looped cables may show ______________ symptoms.
• What does higher signal-to-noise ratio generally indicate in MRI tissue imaging?
• What is an example of an action that may cause a physiological image artifact?
• How often are MRI related accidents reported?
• In a spin echo pulse sequence, what is the first gradient used?
• What is a common characteristic of tissues that have undergone high flip angles in MRI?
• What device is used to hold liquid helium in superconductive magnets?
• What does TR stand for in MRI terminology?
• Chemical shift artifacts occur in which direction?
• Which regulatory body oversees SAR guidelines in the United States?
• Which method is considered effective for reducing echo spacing?
• As TE increases, what happens to the signal to noise ratio?
• What is the benefit of using RF pulses spatially during MRI?
• What effect do all metal implants have on the magnetic field?
• At what temperature does helium liquify, which is equivalent to 4 degrees Kelvin?
• What type of magnet requires special cooling to maintain its magnetic field?
• How do gadolinium based contrast agents increase imaging effectiveness?
• What happens to scan time as TR increases?
• What should be done to ensure safety when using cables in the magnet environment?
• In a FLAIR IR pulse sequence, which of the following is suppressed?
• True or False: Before entering Zone 2, patients need to be screened.
• How can hardware failures contribute to MR image artifacts?
• What does TR stand for in a spin echo pulse sequence?
• As receive bandwidth increases, how is scan time affected?
• What are examples of fat suppression techniques in MRI?
• In MR imaging, what could lead to artifacts related to the patient?
• What is the most common artifact encountered in MR imaging?
• In an MRI environment, which direction does the Z axis point when looking at the front of the MR system?
• What occurs when there is residual transverse magnetization in a tissue?
• On a T1 weighted image, why does CSF appear dark?
• What describes the slope of the gradient derived from both rise time and amplitude?
• What changes from one TR period to the next in a spin echo pulse sequence?
• No one should enter Zone _______ until they are screened.
• Most injected MRI contrast agents are what type?
• Who must screen anyone entering the magnet room?
• Why is gadolinium considered an effective contrast agent for imaging?
• The effect of gradients on spins primarily involves which aspect?
• Who is credited with the concept and development of MRI gradient fields?
• What is the most effective way to decrease chemical shift artifacts?
• What is the unit of measurement for slew rate?
• What happens to scan time when the frequency matrix is increased?
• If TE is increased in a spin echo pulse sequence, what effect does this have?
• How many TR periods occur in a spin echo pulse sequence if 200 phase encoding steps are selected?
• What is the default frequency encoding direction for an axial image of the brain?
• What are pre-saturation RF pulses used for?
• What characteristic of metals often indicates ferromagnetism?
• In a spin echo sequence, the first RF pulse is known as?